Demographics parameters

The parameters described in this reference section can be added to the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) formatted demographics file to determine the demographics of the population within each geographic node in a simulation. For example, the number of individuals and the distribution for age, gender, immunity, risk, and mortality. These parameters work closely with the Population dynamics parameters in the configuration file, which are simulation-wide and generally control whether certain events, such as births or deaths, are enabled in a simulation.

Generally, you will download a demographics file and modify it to meet the needs of your simulation. Demographics files for several locations are available on the Institute for Disease Modeling (IDM) GitHub EMOD-InputData repository or you can use COMputational Platform Service (COMPS) to generate demographics and other input data files for a particular region. By convention, these are named using the name of the region appended with “_demographics.json”, but you may name the file anything you like.

Additionally, you can use more than one demographics file, with one serving as the base layer and the one or more others acting as overlays that override the values in the base layer. This can be helpful if you want to experiment with different values in the overlay without modifying your base file. For more information, see Use demographics overlay files.

At least one demographics file is required for every simulation unless you set the parameter Enable_Demographics_Builtin to 1 (one) in the configuration file. This setting does not represent a real location and is generally only used for testing and validating code pathways rather than actual modeling of disease.

Demographics files are organized into four main sections: Metadata, NodeProperties, Defaults, and Nodes. The following example shows the skeletal format of a demographics file.

{
     "Metadata": {
          "DateCreated": "dateTime",
          "Tool": "scriptUsedToGenerate",
          "Author": "author",
          "IdReference": "Gridded world grump2.5arcmin",
          "NodeCount": 2
     },
     "NodeProperties": [
          {}
     ],
     "Defaults": {
          "NodeAttributes": {},
          "IndividualAttributes": {},
          "IndividualProperties": {},
          "Society": {}
     },
     "Nodes": [{
          "NodeID": 1,
          "NodeAttributes": {},
          "IndividualAttributes": {},
          "IndividualProperties": {},
          "Society": {}
     }, {
          "NodeID": 2,
          "NodeAttributes": {},
          "IndividualAttributes": {},
          "IndividualProperties": {},
          "Society": {}
     }]
}

All parameters except those in the Metadata and NodeProperties sections below can appear in either the Defaults section or the Nodes section of the demographics file. Parameters under Defaults will be applied to all nodes in the simulation. Parameters under Nodes will be applied to specific nodes, overriding the values in Defaults if they appear in both. Each node in the Nodes section is identified using a unique NodeID.

The tables below contain only parameters available when using the malaria simulation type.

Note

Parameters are case-sensitive. For Boolean parameters, set to 1 for true or 0 for false. JSON does not permit comments, but you can add “dummy” parameters to add contextual information to your files.

Metadata

Metadata provides information about data provenance. NodeCount and IdReference are the only parameters used by EMOD, but you are encouraged to included information for your own reference. For example, author, date created, tool used, and more are commonly included in the Metadata section. You can include any information you like here provided it is in valid JSON format.

If you generate input data files using COMPS, the following IdReference values are possible and indicate how the NodeID values are generated:

Gridded world grump30arcsec
Nodes are approximately square regions defined by a 30-arc second grid and the NodeID values are generated from the latitude and longitude of the northwest corner.
Gridded world grump2.5arcmin
Nodes are approximately square regions defined by a 2.5-arc minute grid and the NodeID values are generated from the latitude and longitude of the northwest corner.
Gridded world grump1degree
Nodes are approximately square regions defined by a 1-degree grid and the NodeID values are generated from the latitude and longitude of the northwest corner.

The algorithm for encoding latitude and longitude into a NodeID is as follows:

unsigned int xpix = math.floor((lon + 180.0) / resolution)
unsigned int ypix = math.floor((lat + 90.0) / resolution)
unsigned int **NodeID** = (xpix << 16) + ypix + 1

This generates a NodeID that is a 4-byte unsigned integer; the first two bytes represent the longitude of the node and the second two bytes represent the latitude. To reserve 0 to be used as a null value, 1 is added to the NodeID as part of the final calculation.

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
IdReference string NA NA NA The identifier for a simulation; all input data files used in a simulation must have the same IdReference value. The value must be greater than 0. If the input data files are generated using COMPS, the string that indicates the method used for generating the NodeID, the identifier used for each node in the simulation.
{
    "Metadata": {
        "IdReference": "Gridded world grump30arcsec"
    }
}
NodeCount integer 1 Depends on available memory NA The number of nodes to expect in the input data files.
{
    "Metadata": {
        "NodeCount": 2
    }
}

NodeProperties and IndividualProperties

Node properties and individual properties are set similarly and share many of the same parameters. Properties can be thought of as tags that are assigned to nodes or individuals and can then be used to either target interventions to nodes or individuals with certain properties (or prevent them from being targeted). For example, you could define individual properties for disease risk and then target an intervention to only those at high risk. Similarly, you could define properties for node accessibility and set lower intervention coverage for nodes that are difficult to access. For more information on setting up properties, see Configure heterogeneity using individual and node properties.

The NodeProperties section is a top-level section at the same level as Defaults and **Nodes that contains parameters that assign properties to nodes in a simulation. The IndividualProperties section is under either Defaults or Nodes and contains parameters that assign properties to individuals in a simulation.

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Age_Bin_Edges_In_Years array NA NA NA

An array of integers that represents the ages, in years, at which to demarcate the age groups for individuals. Used only with the Age_Bin property type. The first number must be 0, the last must be -1, and they must be listed in ascending order. Cannot be used with NodeProperties.

EMOD automatically create the individual property Age_Bin with values based on the bin edges using the format Age_Bin_Property_From_X_To_Y. These appear in the property reports and can be used to target campaign interventions using Property_Restrictions_Within_Node. See Target interventions to nodes or groups for more information.

The following example creates three age groups: 0 to 5, older than 5 to 13, and older than 13 to the maximum age.

{
    "Defaults": {
        "IndividualProperties": [{
            "Property": "Age_Bin",
            "Age_Bin_Edges_In_Years": [0, 5, 13, -1]
        }]
    }
}
IndividualProperties array of objects NA NA NA An array that contains parameters that add properties to individuals in a simulation. For example, you can define values for accessibility, age, geography, risk, and other properties and assign values to different individuals. alues.
{
    "Defaults": {
        "IndividualProperties": [{
            "Property": "InterventionStatus",
            "Values": ["None", "ARTStaging"],
            "Initial_Distribution": [1, 0]
        }, {
            "Property": "Risk",
            "Values": ["High", "Medium", "Low"],
            "Initial_Distribution": [0.2, 0.5, 0.3]
        }]
    }
}
Initial_Distribution array of floats 0 1 1 An array of floats that define the proportion of property values to assign to individuals or nodes at the beginning of the simulation and when new individuals are born. Their sum must equal 1 and the number of members in this array must match the number of members in Values. For Age_Bin property types, omit this parameter as the demographics file controls the age distribution.
{
    "Nodes": [{
        "NodeID": 25,
        "IndividualProperties": [{
            "Initial_Distribution": [0.2, 0.4, 0.4]
        }]
    }]
}
{
    "Defaults": {
        "NodeProperties": [{
            "Property": "InterventionStatus",
            "Values": [ "NONE", "RECENT_SPRAY" ],
            "Initial_Distribution": [ 1.0, 0.0 ]
        }]
    }
}
NodeProperties array of objects NA NA NA An array that contains parameters that add properties to nodes in a simulation. For example, you can define values for intervention status, risk, and other properties and assign values to different nodes.
{
    "NodeProperties": [{
        "Property": "Risk",
        "Values": ["HIGH", "MEDIUM", "LOW"],
        "Initial_Distribution": [0.1, 0.4, 0.5]
    }]
}
Property enum NA NA NA

The individual or node property type for which you will assign arbitrary values to create groups. You can then move individuals or nodes into or out of different groups or target interventions to particular groups. Possible values are:

Age_Bin
Assign individuals to age bins. Use with Age_Bin_Edges_In_Years. Cannot be used with NodeProperties.
Accessibility
Tag individuals or nodes based on their accessibility.
Geographic
Tag individuals or nodes based on geographic characteristics.
HasActiveTB
Tag individuals or nodes based on active TB status. Typically used only with HIV ART staging interventions.
InterventionStatus
Tag individuals or nodes based on intervention status, so that receiving an intervention can affect how other interventions are distributed. Use with Disqualifying_Properties and New_Property_Value in the campaign file.
Place
Tag individuals or nodes based on place.
Risk
Tag individuals or nodes based on disease risk.
QualityofCare
Tag individuals or nodes based on the quality of medical care.
{
    "Defaults": {
        "IndividualProperties": [{
            "Property": "Age_Bin",
            "Age_Bin_Edges_In_Years": [ 0, 6, 10, 20, -1 ]
        }]
    }
}
{
    "NodeProperties": [{
        "Property": "InterventionStatus",
        "Values": ["NONE", "RECENT_SPRAY"],
        "Initial_Distribution": [1.0, 0.0]
    }]
}
Transitions array NA NA NA An array that contains multiple JSON objects that each define how an individual transitions from one property value to another. See the transitions array table for information about the parameters to include in the Transitions object. For Age_Bin property types, set to an empty array, as individuals will transition to the next age bin based on the passing of time. Cannot be used with NodeProperties.
{
    "Defaults": {
        "IndividualProperties": [{
            "Transitions": [{
                "From": "High",
                "To": "Medium",
                "Type": "At_Age",
                "Coverage": 1,
                "Probability_Per_Timestep": 0.3,
                "Age_In_Years": 5,
                "Timesteps_Until_Reversion": 0
            }, {
                "From": "Medium",
                "To": "Low",
                "Type": "At_Age",
                "Coverage": 1,
                "Probability_Per_Timestep": 0.3,
                "Age_In_Years": 12,
                "Timesteps_Until_Reversion": 0
            }]
        }]
    }
}
TransmissionMatrix JSON object NA NA NA

An object that contains Route and Matrix parameters that define how to scale the base infectivity from individuals with one property value to individuals with another. Route must be set to Contact and Matrix contains a WAIFW matrix of the disease transmission multipliers. The rows and columns are in the same order that the property values were defined in Value. The rows represent the infectious individuals (the “whom”); the columns represent the susceptible individuals (the “who”).

This implements the HINT feature, which is available only in the generic simulation type. For more information, see Configure heterogeneous disease transmission. Enable_Heterogeneous_Intranode_Transmission in the configuration file must be set to 1 (see Infectivity and transmission parameters). Cannot be used with NodeProperties.

{
    "Defaults": {
        "IndividualProperties": [{
            "TransmissionMatrix": {
                "Route": "Contact",
                "Matrix": [
                    [10, 0.1],
                    [0.1, 1]
                ]
            }
        }]
    }
}
Values array of strings NA NA NA

An array of the user-defined values that can be assigned to individuals or nodes for this property. The order of the values corresponds to the order of the Initial_Distribution array.

You can have up to 125 values for the Geographic and InterventionStatus property types and up to 5 values for all other types. For Age_Bin property types, omit this parameter and use Age_Bin_Edges_In_Years instead.

{
    "Defaults": {
        "IndividualProperties": [{
            "Values": ["Low", "Medium", "High"]
        }]
    }
}
{
    "NodeProperties": [
        {
            "Property": "InterventionStatus",
            "Values": [ "NONE", "RECENT_SPRAY" ],
            "Initial_Distribution": [ 1.0, 0.0 ]
        }
    ]
}

Transitions

The Transitions array under IndividualProperties section controls how individuals transition from one property value to another. It cannot be used with NodeProperties. Alternatively, similar transitions can be configured in the campaign file as the result of campaign events.

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Age_In_Years float 0 125 NA The age at which individuals are eligible to transition. Do not use when Type is set to At_Timestep. Required when Type is set to At_Age.
{
    "IndividualProperties": [{
        "Transitions": [{
            "Type": "At_Age",
            "Age_In_Years": 10
        }]
    }]
}
Age_In_Years_Restriction JSON object 0 100 3.40E+38 The age when an individual is eligible to transition. Min is optional and Max is required. Do not use this with Type set to At_Age because it will conflict with other age parameters in Age_In_Years. This is required when Type is set to At_Timestep, though it can be empty for no age restriction.
{
    "IndividualProperties": [{
        "Transitions": [{
            "Type": "At_Timestep",
            "Age_In_Years_Restriction": {
                "Min": 5,
                "Max": 40
            }
        }]
    }]
}
Coverage float 0 1 1 The proportion of the population that EMOD will attempt to transition. The calculation used with Probability_Per_Timeset only uses the proportion of the population specified in Coverage to calculate the probability of an individual transitioning at a given time step. Coverage has no effect when the value is set to 1. Required when Type is set to either At_Age or At_Timestep.
{
    "Individual_Properties": [{
        "Transitions": [{
            "From": "Bad",
            "To": "Good",
            "Coverage": 0.5
        }]
    }]
}
From string NA NA NA The property value that an individual will transition from.
{
    "Individual_Properties": [{
        "Transitions": [{
            "From": "Bad",
            "To": "Good",
            "Coverage": 0.5,
            "Type": "At_Timestep"
        }]
    }]
}
Probability_Per_Timestep float 0 1 NA The daily probability of an individual transitioning given the number of individuals remaining with the same property value. Required when Type is set to At_Age or At_Timestep.
{
    "Individual_Properties": {
        "Transitions": [{
            "From": "Low",
            "To": "High",
            "Coverage": 0.9,
            "Type": "At_Timestep",
            "Probability_Per_Timestep": 0.25
        }]
    }
}
Timesteps_Until_Reversion integer 0 NA NA The number of time steps after the start of transitioning when individuals revert back to their original property value. The start of transitioning is specified by the Start parameter in Timestep_Restriction.
{
    "Individual_Properties": [{
        "Transitions": [{
            "Timestep_Restriction": {
                "Start": 20,
                "Duration": 60
            },
            "Timesteps_Until_Reversion": 10
        }]
    }]
}
Timestep_Restriction JSON object NA NA NA The time step when transitioning starts and stops. Required when Type is set to either At_Age or At_Timestep. Start is required and Duration is optional.
{
    "Individual_Properties": [{
        "Transitions": [{
            "Timestep_Restriction": {
                "Start": 20,
                "Duration": 60
            }
        }]
    }]
}
To string       The property value an individual will transition to.
{
    "Individual_Properties": [{
        "Transitions": [{
            "From": "Bad",
            "To": "Good",
            "Coverage": 0.5,
            "Type": "At_Timestep"
        }]
    }]
}
Type enum NA NA NA The type of condition that starts transitioning individuals. Possible values are At_Age or At_Timestep. The other parameters you must set depend on the condition type set here.
{
    "Individual_Properties": [{
        "Transitions": [{
            "From": "Bad",
            "To": "Good",
            "Coverage": 0.5,
            "Type": "At_Timestep"
        }]
    }]
}

NodeAttributes

The NodeAttributes section contains parameters that add or modify information regarding the location, migration, habitat, and population of node. Some NodeAttributes depend on values set in the configuration parameters.

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
Airport boolean 0 1 0 Indicates whether or not the node has an airport for air migration from (not to) the node. If set to 1, Enable_Air_Migration in the configuration file must be set to 1 or migration will not occur (see Migration parameters). Primarily used to turn off migration in a particular node.
{
    "Defaults": {
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "Airport": 0
        }
    }
}
Altitude float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 0 The altitude, in meters, for the node. Required, but only used when Climate_Model is set to CLIMATE_KOPPEN.
{
    "Defaults": {
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "Altitude": 250
        }
    }
}
BirthRate double 0 1 0.00008715 The birth rate, in births per person per day. In the configuration file, Enable_Birth must be set to 1 and Birth_Rate_Dependence will affect how this rate is used (see Population dynamics parameters).
{
    "Nodes": [{
        "NodeID": 21,
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "BirthRate": 0.0001
        }
    }]
}
InitialPopulation integer 0 2.15E+0 1000 The number of people that will be populated into the node at the beginning of the simulation. You can scale this number using Base_Population_Scale_Factor in the configuration file (see Population dynamics parameters).
{
    "Nodes": [{
        "NodeID": 25,
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "InitialPopulation": 1000
        }
    }]
}
InitialVectorsPerSpecies JSON object 0 2.15e+09 10,000 The number of vectors per species that will be populated into the node at the beginning of the simulation. Population responds to habitat availability that can be scaled by LarvalHabitatMultiplier. Vector_Sampling_Type in the configuration file must be set to TRACK_ALL_VECTORS or SAMPLE_IND_VECTORS.
{
    "Nodes": [{
        "NodeID": 340461476,
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "InitialVectorsPerSpecies": {
                "aegypti": 100,
                "funestus"  :  0,
                "gambiae"   :  0
            }
        }
    }]
}
LarvalHabitatMultiplier float or nested JSON object NA NA NA The value by which to scale the larval habitat availability specified in the configuration file with Larval_Habitat_Types across all habitat types, for specific habitat types, or for specific mosquito species within each habitat type.

The following example scales the larval habitat equally across all habitat types and mosquito species.

{
    "Defaults": {
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "LarvalHabitatMultiplier": 2.0
        }
    }
}

The following example scales the larval habitat only in the temporary rainfall habitat for all mosquito species.

{
    "Defaults": {
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "LarvalHabitatMultiplier": {
                "TEMPORARY_RAINFALL": 2.0
            }
        }
    }
}

The following example scales the larval habitat independently for A. gambiae in the temporary rainfall habitat and for A. arabiensis in the brackish swamp habitat.

{
    "Defaults": {
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "LarvalHabitatMultiplier": {
                "TEMPORARY_RAINFALL": {
                    "gambiae": 2.0
                },
                "BRACKISH_SWAMP": {
                    "arabiensis": 2.5
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
Latitude float 3.40282e+038 -3.40282e+038 -1 Latitude of the node in decimal degrees. This can be used for several things, including determining infectiousness by latitude and defining the size of grid cells.
{
    "Nodes": [{
        "NodeID": 25,
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "Latitude": 12.4,
            "Longitude": 9.35
        }
    }]
}
Longitude float -3.40282e+38 3.40282e+38 -1 Longitude of the node in decimal degrees. This can be used for several things, including defining the size of grid cells.
{
    "Nodes": [{
        "NodeID": 254,
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "Latitude": 25.4,
            "Longitude": 9.1
        }
    }]
}
NodeAttributes JSON object NA NA NA The structure that contains parameters that add or modify information regarding the location, migration, habitat, and population of a simulation. Some NodeAttributes depend on values set in the configuration parameters.
{
    "Nodes": [
        {
            "NodeID": 1487548419, 
            "NodeAttributes": {
                "Latitude": 12.4208, 
                "Longitude": 9.15417
            }
        }
    ]
} 
PercentageVectorsBySpecies JSON object NA NA NA A list of key-value pairs of the vector species and percentage of the total they each make up.
{
    "Defaults": {
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "PercentageVectorsBySpecies": {
                "arabiensis": 0.30,
                "funestus": 0.30,
                "gambiae": 0.40
            }
        }
    }
}
Region boolean 0 1 0 Indicates whether or not the node has a road network for regional migration from (not to) the node. If set to 1, Enable_Regional_Migration in the configuration file must be set to 1 or migration will not occur (see Migration parameters). Primarily used to turn off migration in particular nodes.
{
    "Nodes": [{
         "NodeID": 12,
         "NodeAttributes": {
            "Region": 1
        }
    }]
}
Seaport boolean 0 1 0 Indicates whether or not the node is connected by sea migration from (not to) the node. If set to 1, Enable_Sea_Migration in the configuration file must be set to 1 or migration will not occur (see Migration parameters). Primarily used to turn off migration in particular nodes.
{
    "Nodes": [{
        "NodeID": 43,
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "Seaport": 1
        }
    }]
}
Urban boolean 0 1 0 Indicates whether urban settings are enabled. Used only if Enable_Demographics_Other is set to 1 and Birth_Rate_Dependence is set to INDIVIDUAL_PREGNANCIES_BY_URBAN_AND_AGE and required if Enable_Demographics_Other is set to 1 in the configuration file (see Population dynamics parameters).
{
    "Defaults": {
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "Urban": 1
        }
    }
}
Zoonosis float 0 1 0 The daily rate of zoonotic infection per individual. In the configuration file, Animal_Reservoir_Type must be set to ZOONOSIS_FROM_DEMOGRAPHICS to use this value (see General disease parameters).
{
    "Defaults": {
        "NodeAttributes": {
            "Zoonosis": 0
        }
    }
}

IndividualAttributes

The IndividualAttributes section contains parameters that initialize the distribution of attributes across individuals, such as the age or immunity. An initial value for an individual is a randomly selected value from a given distribution. These distributions can be configured using a simple flag system of three parameters or a complex system of many more parameters. The following table contains the parameters that can be used with either distribution system.

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
IndividualAttributes JSON object NA NA NA The structure that contains parameters that add or modify the distribution of attributes across individuals in a simulation. For example, the age or immunity distribution. An initial value for an individual is a randomly selected value from a distribution. For example, if you use a uniform distribution to initialize age, the initial ages of individuals in the simulation will be evenly distributed between some minimum and maximum value.
{
    "Defaults": {
        "IndividualAttributes": {
            "AgeDistributionFlag": 0,
            "AgeDistribution1": 25550,
            "AgeDistribution2": 0
        }
    }
}
PercentageChildren float 0 1 NA The percentage of individuals in the node that are children. Set Minimum_Adult_Age_Years to determine the age at which individuals transition to adults.
{
    "Nodes": {
        "NodeID": 45,
        "IndividualAttributes": {
            "PercentageChildren": 0.7
        }
    }
}

Simple distributions

Simple distributions are defined by three parameters where one is a flag for the distribution type and the other two are used to further define the distribution. For example, if you set the age flag to a uniform distribution, the initial ages of individuals in the simulation will be evenly distributed between some minimum and maximum value as defined by the other two parameters.

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
AgeDistribution1 float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 0.000118

The first value, in days, in the age distribution, the meaning of which depends upon the value set in AgeDistributionFlag. The table below shows the flag value and corresponding distribution value.

AgeDistributionFlag AgeDistribution1
0 Age value to assign.
1 Minimum age for a uniform distribution.
2 Mean age for a Gaussian distribution.
3 Mean age for an exponential distribution.
4 Mean age for a Poisson distribution.
5 Mean age for a log normal distribution.
6 Proportion of time to return the value specified by AgeDistribution2 for a bimodal distribution. Must be between 0 and 1.
7 Scale parameter for a Weibull distribution.

Age_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_SIMPLE (see Population dynamics parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "AgeDistributionFlag": 0,
        "AgeDistribution1": 25550,
        "AgeDistribution2": 0
    }
}
AgeDistribution2 float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 0

The second value, in days, in the age distribution, the meaning of which depends upon the value set in AgeDistributionFlag. The table below shows the flag value and corresponding distribution value.

AgeDistributionFlag AgeDistribution2
0 NA, set to 0.
1 Maximum age for a uniform distribution.
2 Standard deviation in age for a Gaussian distribution.
3 NA, set to 0.
4 NA, set to 0.
5 Log (standard deviation) in age for a log normal distribution.
6 A positive value to be returned for a bimodal distribution. If the value is not positive, a value of 1 is returned.
7 Shape parameter for a Weibull distribution.

Age_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_SIMPLE (see Population dynamics parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "AgeDistributionFlag": 0,
        "AgeDistribution1": 25550,
        "AgeDistribution2": 0
    }
}
AgeDistributionFlag integer 0 7 3

The type of distribution to use for age. Possible values are:

  • 0 (Constant, everyone in the population is the same age.)
  • 1 (Uniform, ages are randomly drawn between a minimum and maximum value.)
  • 2 (Gaussian)
  • 3 (Exponential)
  • 4 (Poisson)
  • 5 (Log normal)
  • 6 (Bimodal)
  • 7 (Weibull)

Age_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_SIMPLE (see Population dynamics parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "AgeDistributionFlag": 0,
        "AgeDistribution1": 25550,
        "AgeDistribution2": 0
    }
}
ImmunityDistribution1 float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 0

The first value in the immunity distribution, the meaning of which depends upon the value set in ImmunityDistributionFlag. Enable_Immunity in the configuration file must be set to 1. The table below shows the flag value and corresponding distribution value.

ImmunityDistributionFlag ImmunityDistribution1
0 Immunity value to assign.
1 Minimum immunity for a uniform distribution.
2 Mean immunity for a Gaussian distribution.
3 Mean immunity for an exponential distribution.
4 Mean immunity for a Poisson distribution.
5 Mean immunity for a log normal distribution.
6 Proportion of time to return the value specified by ImmunityyDistribution2 for a bimodal distribution. Must be between 0 and 1.
7 Scale parameter for a Weibull distribution.

In the configuration file, Enable_Demographics_Other must be set to true (1) and Immunity_Initialization_Distribution_Type must be set to DISTRIBUTION_SIMPLE (see Immunity parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": { 
        "ImmunityDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "ImmunityDistribution1": 1, 
        "ImmunityDistribution2": 0 
    }
}
ImmunityDistribution2 float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 0

The second value in the distribution, the meaning of which depends upon the value set in ImmunityDistributionFlag. Enable_Immunity in the configuration file must be set to 1. The table below shows the flag value and corresponding distribution value.

ImmunityDistributionFlag ImmunityDistribution2
0 NA, set to 0.
1 Maximum immunity for a uniform distribution.
2 Standard deviation in immunity for a Gaussian distribution.
3 NA, set to 0.
4 NA, set to 0.
5 Log (standard deviation) in immunity for a log normal distribution.
6 A positive value to be returned for a bimodal distribution. If the value is not positive, a value of 1 is returned.
7 Shape parameter for a Weibull distribution.

In the configuration file, Enable_Demographics_Other must be set to true (1) and Immunity_Initialization_Distribution_Type must be set to DISTRIBUTION_SIMPLE (see Immunity parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": { 
        "ImmunityDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "ImmunityDistribution1": 1, 
        "ImmunityDistribution2": 0 
    }
}
ImmunityDistributionFlag integer 0 7 0

The type of distribution to use for immunity. Enable_Immunity in the configuration file must be set to 1. Possible values are:

  • 0 (Constant, everyone in the population has the same immunity.)
  • 1 (Uniform, immunity is randomly drawn between a minimum and maximum value.)
  • 2 (Gaussian)
  • 3 (Exponential)
  • 4 (Poisson)
  • 5 (Log normal)
  • 6 (Bimodal)
  • 7 (Weibull)

In the configuration file, Enable_Demographics_Other must be set to true (1) and Immunity_Initialization_Distribution_Type must be set to DISTRIBUTION_SIMPLE (see Immunity parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": { 
        "ImmunityDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "ImmunityDistribution1": 1, 
        "ImmunityDistribution2": 0 
    }
}
MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution1 float -3.40282e+38 3.40282e+38 1

The first value in the migration heterogeneity distribution, the meaning of which depends upon the value set in MigrationHeterogeneityFlag. The table below shows the flag value and corresponding distribution value.

MigrationHeterogeneityDistributionFlag MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution1
0 Migration heterogeneity value to assign.
1 Minimum migration heterogeneity for a uniform distribution.
2 Mean migration heterogeneity for a Gaussian distribution.
3 Mean migration heterogeneity for an exponential distribution.
4 Mean migration heterogeneity for a Poisson distribution.
5 Mean migration heterogeneity for a log normal distribution.
6 Proportion of time to return the value specified by MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution2 for a bimodal distribution. Must be between 0 and 1.
7 Scale parameter for a Weibull distribution.

Enable_Migration_Heterogeneity in the configuration file must be set to 1 (see Migration parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MigrationHeterogeneityDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution1": 1, 
        "MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution2": 0
    }
}
MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution2 float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 0

The second value in the distribution, the meaning of which depends upon the value set in MigrationHeterogeneityDistributionFlag. The table below shows the flag value and corresponding distribution value.

MigrationHeterogeneityDistributionFlag MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution2
0 NA, set to 0.
1 Maximum migration heterogeneity for a uniform distribution.
2 Standard deviation in migration heterogeneity for a Gaussian distribution.
3 NA, set to 0.
4 NA, set to 0.
5 Log (standard deviation) in migration heterogeneity for a log normal distribution.
6 A positive value to be returned for a bimodal distribution. If the value is not positive, a value of 1 is returned.
7 Shape parameter for a Weibull distribution.

Enable_Migration_Heterogeneity in the configuration file must be set to 1 (see Migration parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MigrationHeterogeneityDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution1": 1, 
        "MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution2": 0
    }
}
MigrationHeterogeneityDistributionFlag integer 0 7 0

The type of distribution to use for migration heterogeneity. Possible values are:

  • 0 (Constant, everyone in the population has the same migration value.)
  • 1 (Uniform, migration values are randomly drawn between a minimum and maximum value.)
  • 2 (Gaussian)
  • 3 (Exponential)
  • 4 (Poisson)
  • 5 (Log normal)
  • 6 (Bimodal)
  • 7 (Weibull)

Enable_Migration_Heterogeneity in the configuration file must be set to 1 (see Migration parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MigrationHeterogeneityDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution1": 1, 
        "MigrationHeterogeneityDistribution2": 0
    }
}
PrevalenceDistribution1 float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 1

The first value in the prevalence distribution, the meaning of which depends upon the value set in PrevalenceDistributionFlag. The table below shows the flag value and corresponding distribution value.

PrevalenceDistributionFlag PrevalenceDistribution1
0 Prevalence value to assign.
1 Minimum prevalence for a uniform distribution.
2 Mean prevalence for a Gaussian distribution.
3 Mean prevalence for an exponential distribution.
4 Mean prevalence for a Poisson distribution.
5 Mean prevalence for a log normal distribution.
6 Proportion of time to return the value specified by PrevalenceDistribution2 for a bimodal distribution. Must be between 0 and 1.
7 Scale parameter for a Weibull distribution.

Enable_Demographics_Other must be set to 1 in the configuration file (see Population dynamics parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": { 
        "PrevalenceDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "PrevalenceDistribution1": 0.0, 
        "PrevalenceDistribution2": 0.0
    }
} 
PrevalenceDistribution2 float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 0

The second value in the distribution, the meaning of which depends upon the value set in PrevalenceDistributionFlag. The table below shows the flag value and corresponding distribution value.

PrevalenceDistributionFlag PrevalenceDistribution2
0 NA, set to 0.
1 Maximum prevalence for a uniform distribution.
2 Standard deviation in prevalence for a Gaussian distribution.
3 NA, set to 0.
4 NA, set to 0.
5 Log (standard deviation) in prevalance for a log normal distribution.
6 A positive value to be returned for a bimodal distribution. If the value is not positive, a value of 1 is returned.
7 Shape parameter for a Weibull distribution.

Enable_Demographics_Other must be set to 1 in the configuration file (see Population dynamics parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": { 
        "PrevalenceDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "PrevalenceDistribution1": 0.0, 
        "PrevalenceDistribution2": 0.0
    }
} 
PrevalenceDistributionFlag integer 0 7 0

The type of distribution to use for prevalence. Possible values are:

  • 0 (Constant, everyone in the population has the same prevalence.)
  • 1 (Uniform, prevalence is randomly drawn between a minimum and maximum value.)
  • 2 (Gaussian)
  • 3 (Exponential)
  • 4 (Poisson)
  • 5 (Log normal)
  • 6 (Bimodal)
  • 7 (Weibull)

Enable_Demographics_Other must be set to 1 in the configuration file (see Population dynamics parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": { 
        "PrevalenceDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "PrevalenceDistribution1": 0.0, 
        "PrevalenceDistribution2": 0.0
    }
} 
RiskDistribution1 float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 0

The first value in the risk distribution, the meaning of which depends upon the value set in RiskDistributionFlag. The table below shows the flag value and corresponding distribution value.

RiskDistributionFlag RiskDistribution1
0 Risk value to assign.
1 Minimum risk for a uniform distribution.
2 Mean risk for a Gaussian distribution.
3 Mean risk for an exponential distribution.
4 Mean risk for a Poisson distribution.
5 Mean risk for a log normal distribution.
6 Proportion of time to return the value specified by RiskDistribution2 for a bimodal distribution. Must be between 0 and 1.
7 Scale parameter for a Weibull distribution.

Enable_Demographics_Other must be set to 1 in the configuration file (see Population dynamics parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": { 
        "RiskDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "RiskDistribution1": 1, 
        "RiskDistribution2": 0
    }
}
RiskDistribution2 float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 0

The second value in the distribution, the meaning of which depends upon the value set in RiskDistributionFlag. The table below shows the flag value and corresponding distribution value.

RiskDistributionFlag RiskDistribution2
0 NA, set to 0.
1 Maximum risk for a uniform distribution.
2 Standard deviation in risk for a Gaussian distribution.
3 NA, set to 0.
4 NA, set to 0.
5 Log (standard deviation) in risk for a log normal distribution.
6 A positive value to be returned for a bimodal distribution. If the value is not positive, a value of 1 is returned.
7 Shape parameter for a Weibull distribution.

Enable_Demographics_Other must be set to 1 in the configuration file (see Population dynamics parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": { 
        "RiskDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "RiskDistribution1": 1, 
        "RiskDistribution2": 0
    }
}
RiskDistributionFlag integer 0 7 0

The type of distribution to use for risk. Possible values are:

  • 0 (Constant, everyone in the population has the same risk.)
  • 1 (Uniform, risk is randomly drawn between a minimum and maximum value.)
  • 2 (Gaussian)
  • 3 (Exponential)
  • 4 (Poisson)
  • 5 (Log normal)
  • 6 (Bimodal)
  • 7 (Weibull)

Enable_Demographics_Other must be set to 1 (see Population dynamics parameters).

{
    "IndividualAttributes": { 
        "RiskDistributionFlag": 0, 
        "RiskDistribution1": 1, 
        "RiskDistribution2": 0
    }
}

Complex distributions

Complex distributions are more effort to configure, but are useful for representing real-world data where the distribution does not fit a standard. Individual attribute values are drawn from a piecewise linear distribution. The distribution is configured using arrays of axes (such as gender or age) and values at points along each of these axes. This allows you to have different distributions for different groups in the population.

Parameter Data type Minimum Maximum Default Description Example
AgeDistribution JSON object NA NA NA The structure defining a complex age distribution. Age_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_COMPLEX.

The following example shows at age distribution in which 25% of individuals are under age 5, 50% are between 5 and 20, and 25% are between 20 and 35.

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "AgeDistribution": {
            "ResultUnits": "years",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 365,
            "ResultValues": [0, 0.25, 0.75, 1],
            "DistributionValues": [0, 5, 20, 35]
        }
    }
}
AxisNames array of strings NA NA NA

An array of the names used for each axis of a complex distribution. The list below shows the axis names to use (in the order given) for each of the distribution types:

MortalityDistribution
[“gender”, “age”] Death_Rate_Dependence in the configuration file must be set to NONDISEASE_MORTALITTY_BY_AGE_AND_GENDER (see Mortality and survival parameters).
MortalityDistributionMale
[“age”, “year”] Death_Rate_Dependence must be set to NONDISEASE_MORTALITY_BY_YEAR_AND_AGE_FOR_EACH_GENDER (see Mortality and survival parameters).
MortalityDistributionFemale
[“age”, “year”] Death_Rate_Dependence must be set to NONDISEASE_MORTALITY_BY_YEAR_AND_AGE_FOR_EACH_GENDER (see Mortality and survival parameters).
FertilityDistribution

Two options are available:

  • [“urban”, “age”] Birth_Rate_Dependence in the configuratIon file must be set to INDIVIDUAL_PREGNANCIES_BY_URBAN_AND_AGE (see Population dynamics parameters).
  • [“age”, “year”] Birth_Rate_Dependence must be set to INDIVIDUAL_PREGNANCIES_BY_AGE_AND_YEAR (see Population dynamics parameters).
ImmunityDistribution
[“age”]
AgeDistribution
No axes.

[“age”] is the only value accepted for all malaria-specific distributions:

  • MSP_mean_antibody_distribution
  • MSP_variance_antibody_distribution
  • nonspec_mean_antibody_distribution
  • nonspec_variance_antibody_distribution
  • PfEMP1_mean_antibody_distribution
  • PfEMP1_variance_antibody_distribution
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MortalityDistribution": {
            "AxisNames": ["gender", "age"],
            "AxisUnits": ["male=0,female=1", "years"],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [1, 365],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [2, 1],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [0, 1],
                [0]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "annual deaths per 1000 individuals",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 2.739726027397e-06,
            "ResultValues": [
                [0],
                [0]
            ]
        }
    }
}
AxisScaleFactors array of floats 3.40282e+038 -3.40282e+038 1 A list of the scale factors used to convert axis units to data measurements in a complex distribution. For example, 365 to convert daily mortality to annual mortality. The array must contain one factor for each axis.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MortalityDistribution": {
            "AxisNames": ["gender", "age"],
            "AxisUnits": ["male=0,female=1", "years"],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [1, 365],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [2, 1],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [0, 1],
                [0]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "annual deaths per 1000 individuals",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 2.739726027397e-06,
            "ResultValues": [
                [0],
                [0]
            ]
        }
    }
}
AxisUnits array of floats 0 3.40E+3 1 An array of the scale factors to use to convert the units used for the axes into days. EMOD does not use this value; it is only informational.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MortalityDistribution": {
            "AxisNames": ["gender", "age"], 
            "AxisUnits": ["male=0,female=1", "years"],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [1, 365]
        }
    }
}
DistributionValues array of floats 0 1 1 An array of values between 0 and 1 listed in ascending order that defines a complex age distribution. Each value represents the proportion of the population below that age and the difference between two successive values is the proportion of the population in the age bin defined in ResultValues. Age_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_COMPLEX (see Population dynamics parameters).

The following example shows at age distribution in which 25% of individuals are under age 5, 50% are between 5 and 20, and 25% are between 20 and 35.

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "AgeDistribution": {
            "ResultUnits": "years", 
            "ResultScaleFactor": 365, 
            "AxisScaleFactors": 1, 
            "DistributionValues": [0, 0.25, 0.75, 1],
            "ResultValues": [0, 5, 20, 35]
        }
    }
}
FertilityDistribution JSON object NA NA NA The distribution of the fertility rate in the population. Enable_Birth in the configuration file must be set to 1 (see Population dynamics parameters).
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "FertilityDistribution": {
            "NumDistributionAxes": 2,
            "AxisNames": ["urban", "XXX"],
            "AxisUnits": ["rural=0, urban=1", "years"],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [1, 365],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [2, 9],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [0, 1],
                [0, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 49]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "annual births per 1000 individuals",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 0.000002739726027397,
            "ResultValues": [
                [0, 28.4, 190.3, 222.4, 155.4, 68, 21.9, 3.6, 0],
                [0, 28.4, 190.3, 222.4, 155.4, 68, 21.9, 3.6, 0]
            ]
        }
    }
}
ImmunityDistribution JSON object NA NA NA The structure defining a complex immunity distribution. Immunity_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_COMPLEX (see Immunity parameters).
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "ImmunityDistribution": {
            "AxisNames": ["age"],
            "AxisUnits": ["years"],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [365],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [1],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [0]
            ],
            "ResultScaleFactor": 3.6952,
            "ResultValues": [
                [0]
            ]
        }
    }
}
MortalityDistribution JSON object NA NA NA

The distribution of non-disease mortality for a population. Death_Rate_Dependence in the configuration file must be set to NONDISEASE_MORTALITY_BY_AGE_AND_GENDER or NONDISEASE_MORTALITY_BY_YEAR_AND_AGE_FOR_EACH_GENDER (see Mortality and survival parameters).

Warning

Mortality is sampled every 30 days. To correctly attribute neonatal deaths to days 0-30, you must indicate that the threshold for the first age group in PopulationGroups is less than 30 days.

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MortalityDistribution": {
            "AxisNames": [
                "gender", "age"
            ],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [
                1, 1
            ],
            "NumDistributionAxes": 2,
            "NumPopulationGroups": [
                2, 4
            ],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [
                    0, 1
                ],
                [
                    0.0, 29.99, 365, 1826
                ]
            ],
            "ResultScaleFactor": 1,
            "ResultValues": [
                [
                    0.0016, 0.000107, 6.3e-05, 100.0
                ],
                [
                    0.0016, 0.000107, 6.3e-05, 100.0
                ]
            ]
        }
    }
}
MSP_mean_antibody_distribution JSON object NA NA NA The mean of the fraction of the antigenic variants of the anti-MSP antibody that the immune system has been exposed to, binned by age using PopulationGroups. ResultValues are bounded between 0 and 1, typically increasing with age. Immunity_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_COMPLEX.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MSP_mean_antibody_distribution": { 
            "AxisNames": [ "age" ],
            "AxisUnits": [ "years" ],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [ 365 ],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [ 11 ],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [ 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 7.5, 15, 25, 35, 60 ]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "mean fraction of antibody variants",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 1,
            "ResultValues": [ 0, 0.0668, 0.1499, 0.2279, 0.2988, 0.3743, 0.5576, 0.8248, 0.8866, 0.8748, 0.8723 ]
        }
    }
}
MSP_variance_antibody_distribution JSON object NA NA NA The variance of the fraction of the antigenic variants of the anti-MSP antibody that the immune system has been exposed to, binned by age using PopulationGroups. ResultValues are bounded between 0 and 1, typically increasing with age. Immunity_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_COMPLEX.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MSP_variance_antibody_distribution": { 
            "AxisNames": [ "age" ],
            "AxisUnits": [ "years" ],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [ 365 ],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [ 11 ],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [ 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 7.5, 15, 25, 35, 60 ]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "mean fraction of antibody variants",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 1,
            "ResultValues": [ 0, 0.0270, 0.0290, 0.0271, 0.0309, 0.0323, 0.0899, 0.0726, 0.0285, 0.0267, 0.0279 ]
        }
    }
}
nonspec_mean_antibody_distribution JSON object NA NA NA The mean of the fraction of the antigenic variants of non-specific malaria antibodies that the immune system has been exposed to, binned by age using PopulationGroups. ResultValues are bounded between 0 and 1, typically increasing with age. Immunity_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_COMPLEX.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "nonspec_mean_antibody_distribution": { 
            "AxisNames": [ "age" ],
            "AxisUnits": [ "years" ],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [ 365 ],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [ 11 ],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [ 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 7.5, 15, 25, 35, 60 ]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "mean fraction of antibody variants",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 1,
            "ResultValues": [ 0, 0.2720, 0.5547, 0.7226, 0.8429, 0.9186, 0.9782, 0.9991, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000 ]
        }
    }
}
nonspec_variance_antibody_distribution JSON object NA NA NA The variance of the fraction of the antigenic variants of non-specific malaria antibodies that the immune system has been exposed to, binned by age using PopulationGroups. ResultValues are bounded between 0 and 1, typically increasing with age. Immunity_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_COMPLEX.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "nonspec_variance_antibody_distribution": { 
            "AxisNames": [ "age" ],
            "AxisUnits": [ "years" ],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [ 365 ],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [ 11 ],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [ 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 7.5, 15, 25, 35, 60 ]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "mean fraction of antibody variants",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 1,
            "ResultValues": [ 0, 0.1146, 0.1008, 0.0795, 0.0781, 0.0550, 0.0337, 0.0067, 0, 0, 0 ]
        }
    }
}
NumDistributionAxes integer 1 NA NA The number of axes to use for a complex distribution. EMOD does not use this value; it is only informational.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MortalityDistribution": {
            "NumDistributionAxes": 2,
            "AxisNames": ["gender", "age"],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [1, 365]
        }
    }
}
NumPopulationGroups array of integers NA NA NA An array of population groupings for each independent variable for a complex distribution. This variable defines the number of columns for each row in the population group table. The number of values in the array is often two, representing the values for gender and number of age bins. EMOD does not use this value; it is only informational.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MortalityDistribution": {
            "AxisNames": ["gender", "age"],
            "AxisUnits": ["male=0,female=1", "years"],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [1, 365],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [2, 1],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [0, 1],
                [0]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "annual deaths per 1000 individuals",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 2.739726027397e-06,
            "ResultValues": [
                [0],
                [0]
            ]
        }
    }
}
PfEMP1_mean_antibody_distribution JSON object NA NA NA The mean of the fraction of the antigenic variants of the PfEMP1 antibody that the immune system has been exposed to, binned by age using PopulationGroups. ResultValues are bounded between 0 and 1, typically increasing with age. Immunity_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_COMPLEX.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "PfEMP1_mean_antibody_distribution": { 
            "NumDistributionAxes": 1,
            "AxisNames": [ "age" ],
            "AxisUnits": [ "years" ],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [ 365 ],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [ 11 ],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [ 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 7.5, 15, 25, 35, 60 ]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "mean fraction of antibody variants",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 1,
            "ResultValues": [ 0, 0.1265, 0.3071, 0.4547, 0.5680, 0.6627, 0.8090, 0.9405, 0.9772, 0.9796, 0.9801 ]
        }
    }
}
PfEMP1_variance_antibody_distribution JSON object NA NA NA The variance of the fraction of the antigenic variants of the PfEMP1 antibody that the immune system has been exposed to, binned by age using PopulationGroups. ResultValues are bounded between 0 and 1, typically increasing with age. Immunity_Initialization_Distribution_Type in the configuration file must be set to DISTRIBUTION_COMPLEX.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "PfEMP1_variance_antibody_distribution": { 
            "AxisNames": [ "age" ],
            "AxisUnits": [ "years" ],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [ 365 ],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [ 11 ],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [ 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 7.5, 15, 25, 35, 60 ]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "mean fraction of antibody variants",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 1,
            "ResultValues": [ 0, 0.0606, 0.0509, 0.0386, 0.0334, 0.0274, 0.0575, 0.0261, 0.0050, 0.0045, 0.0044 ]
        }
    }
}
PopulationGroups matrix of integers NA NA NA

An array in which each row represents one of the distribution axes and contains the values that the independent variable can take. The values must be listed in ascending order and each defines the left edge of the bin.

Warning

Mortality is sampled every 30 days. To correctly attribute neonatal deaths to days 0-30, you must indicate that the threshold for the first age group in PopulationGroups is less than 30 days.

The following example configures relatively high infant mortality and lower mortality at ages 10 and 40, with everyone dead by age 120.

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MortalityDistribution": {
            "AxisNames": ["gender", "age"],
            "AxisUnits": ["male=0,female=1", "years"],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [1, 365],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [2, 1],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [0, 1],
                [0, 10, 40, 120]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "annual deaths per 1000 individuals",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 2.739726027397e-06,
            "ResultValues": [
                [51.6, 3.7, 5.3, 1000],
                [60.1, 4.1, 4.8, 1000]
            ]
        }
    }
}
ResultScaleFactor float -3.40282e+038 3.40282e+038 1 The scale factor used to convert ResultUnits to number of births, deaths, or another variable per individual per day.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "AgeDistribution": {
            "AxisScaleFactors": 1, 
            "DistributionValues": [
                0.99,
                1.0
            ],
            "ResultScaleFactor": 365,
            "ResultUnits": "years",
            "ResultValues": [
                0.0027,
                0.0027
            ]
        }
    }
}
ResultUnits string NA NA NA A string that indicates the units used for the Results parameters of a complex distribution. EMOD does not use this value; it is only informational.
{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MortalityDistribution": {
            "NumPopulationGroups": [2, 1],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [0, 1],
                [0]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "annual deaths per 1000 individuals",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 2.739726027397e-06,
            "ResultValues": [
                [0],
                [0]
            ]
        }
    }
}
ResultValues array of floats NA NA NA

An array that contains floats in the units set by ResultUnits.

For age distributions, it lists in ascending order the ages at which to bin the population. The corresponding values in DistributionValues represent the proportion of the population that is below that age. If the first member of the array is non-zero, the first bin is defined as those with that exact value (EMOD does not assume the bins start at zero).

For all other distributions, an array in which each row represents the values for a combination of axes. For example, a mortality distribution that includes both gender and age axes will have a row for males and a row for females that each contain the mortality rate at various ages set in PopulationGroups.

The following example shows an age distribution in which 10% of individuals are newborn, 25% are under age 5, 50% are between 5 and 20, and 25% are between 20 and 35.

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "AgeDistribution": {
            "DistributionValues": [0.1, 0.25, 0.75, 1],
            "ResultValues": [0, 5, 20, 35]
        }
    }
}

The following example configures relatively high infant mortality and lower mortality at ages 10 and 40, with everyone dead by age 120.

{
    "IndividualAttributes": {
        "MortalityDistribution": {
            "AxisNames": ["gender", "age"],
            "AxisUnits": ["male=0,female=1", "years"],
            "AxisScaleFactors": [1, 365],
            "NumPopulationGroups": [2, 1],
            "PopulationGroups": [
                [0, 1],
                [0, 10, 40, 120]
            ],
            "ResultUnits": "annual deaths per 1000 individuals",
            "ResultScaleFactor": 2.739726027397e-06,
            "ResultValues": [
                [51.6, 3.7, 5.3, 1000],
                [60.1, 4.1, 4.8, 1000]
            ]
        }
    }
}